Sustainability in agriculture, forestry, and range of management requires balanced functional microbial ecosystems. The association of plant roots with AM fungi is a key factor in the below ground network essential to ecosystem function. The association of AM fungi creates an intimate link between plant and the soil and plays a significant role in the absorption of mineral nutrients. The ability of the association to enhance the plant growth and development has stimulated research, and the recent application of molecular, biochemical, genetic approaches are providing new insight into symbiosis. 90% of the flowering plants show symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.